The axe head is a quest item used during Another Slice of H.A.M.. It is one of the six artefacts obtained during the first stage of the quest by digging in the unfinished train tunnel in Dorgesh-Kaan using a trowel.
When the artefacts are cleaned using a specimen brush one of them will turn into the helmet shard. This must be given to Tegdak the goblin along with the other cleaned artefacts (a shield fragment, an armour shard, a sword fragment, a helmet fragment and an ancient mace).